Epictetus, the Roman-era Stoic philosopher, lived a very ascetic life, believing that happiness came from living “according to the will of nature” and that free will comes from how we respond to circumstances. He was born in 55 AD in what is now Turkey and spent most of his life in Rome. He spent his youth as a slave and became crippled due to his master’s harsh treatment. He was later exiled to Greece, where he founded a school and wrote his most famed work, The Discourses. He died in 135.

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